The principle of operation of a fiber sensor is that the modulates some transducer parameter of the optical system intensity, wavelength, polarization, phase, etc. Fiber optic sensor technology has wideranging potential in sensing and measurement and the aim of this paper is to explore the factors that determine this potential. The basic principles of fiber sensing are well established and share much with fiber communications. The newly developed optical sensor line newlight by hbm enables large strain measurement ranges at increased longterm stability. These specialty fibers include any kind of optical fiber that has been architecturally manipulated to diverge from a conventional structure. Optical fiber sensors, an important application of the optical fiber, have experienced fast development, and attracted wide attentions in basic science as well as in practical applications. Online monitoring of high voltage transmission lines can prevent or reduce the accidents of transmission reduced by icing,wave,breeze vibrations of electric wires and the dropping of electrical insulators. The easy to install optical sensor for strain, tilt, temperature and acceleration. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors begins with basic physical principles, progresses to sensing mechanisms, and moves on to take an indepth look at applications. A spin off of this research is the development of optical sensors, which use photonic materials and concepts. A position sensor monitored the amount of stretching of the. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a correct format for acceptance and provide the items required for the.
Godinez, in corrosion control in the aerospace industry, 2009. The fiber sensor can be either an intrinsic oneif the modulation takes place directly in the fiberor extrinsic, if the modulation is performed by some external transducer as depicted in fig. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensor technology the field of optical fiber. The outside optical layer of the fiber that traps the light in the core and guides it along even through curves. The center of the fiber where the light is transmitted. The light beam travels through the core by repeatedly bouncing off the. Taking advantage of this characteristic allows the sensor to be used to measure changes in reflectivity or position of an edge, independent of motion in the. With the addition of two authors who bring 75 years of combined experience in fiber optic sensor technology, this edition is a significant update and an excellent resource for any engineer who has an interest in advanced sensing systems.
In this paper, among the various fiberoptic sensor technologies, especially, technologies such as fiber grating sensors, fiberoptic gyroscopes, and fiberoptic current sensors are discussed with emphasis on the principles and current status. Fundamental concepts will be presented first, followed by the underlying principles and techniques of sensing. Fiber optic sensing technology has evolved over 60 years of development and commercialization. This has given rise to great advances in devices and in fibre optics. In every phase bl increased initially but began to saturate as the technology matured. The basics of operating principle are discussed in detailed and the various types of optical fiber sensors. The pursuit of more efficient telecommunications has resulted in a major research push towards communication systems that are lighter, faster, more reliable and cheaper. Previous volumes have covered the fundamentals of the field, devices and systems. Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors wiley online books. Optical fiber sensor technology, advanced applications bragg gratings and distributed sensors, builds upon the foundations of the subject in the preceding four volumes of this series, concentrating as they do upon both applications and the technology of advanced optical fiber sensors.
For example, a fiberoptic sensor can be immune to electromagnetic example. Fiber optic sensors fundamentals and applications, fourth edition, 2014 available at. Fundamentals of optical fiber communications 2nd edition. Calibrated interferometricintensitybased optical fiber sensors, journal of lightwave technology, vol. Fundamentals of microfabrication microelectromechanical.
Since the optical peak is a point of inflection on the performance curve it is an area where the received light of the fiber optic sensor does not change with small target displacements. Systems and applications in optical fiber sensor technology the essential technology which underpins developments in optical fiber sensors continues to expand, and continues to be driven to a very large extent by advances in optoelectronics which have been produced for the everexpanding optical com munications systems and networks of the world. This book is based on lectures presented at an annual short course entitled fiber optic communication systems at the university of california at santa barbara. Chemists used to employ sensors with electrodes as ph, clark selective and ionelectrode. An online monitoring system of high voltage transmission lines based on optical fiber sensing technology is setted in this paper. The many applications of fiber grating technology are tabulated, and some selected applications are briefly described. Optical fiber sensor technology article pdf available in ieee journal of quantum electronics 184. Prime focus will be on optical fiber, which is the key enabling component for optical fiber sensing. The principle of operation of a fiber sensor is that the sensing element modulates some parameter of the optical system intensity, wavelength, polarization, phase, etc. In this webcast we focus on optical fiber sensing technology. Fundamentals of optical fiber communication, second edition is a sevenchapter tutorial text that considers fiber optic technology as applied to communications systems.
Most downloaded optical fiber technology articles elsevier. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview kenneth o. The fiber optic sensor has an optical fiber connected to a light source to allow for detection in tight spaces or where a small profile is beneficial. A humidity and temperature optical fiber sensor based on a longperiod grating lpg, which can provide simultaneous response to both magnitudes. Fiber optic sensor an overview sciencedirect topics. This central section, made of silica or doped silica, is the light transmitting region of the fiber. It is the ideal choice for structural health monitoring due to its fast and easy installation and its resistance to environmental conditions such as humidity, rust, and. In its simplest form, an optical fiber sensor is composed of a light source, an optical fiber, a sensing element, and a detector see fig. This fourth edition of fiber optic sensors is revised and updated to include the new. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. Optical fiber sensors for biomedical applications lee c. Optical fiber sensor technology advanced applications. An optical fiber is made of 3 concentric layers see figure 3. The basic techniques for fiber grating fabrication, their characteristics, and the fundamental properties of fiber gratings are described.
Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors by zujie fang. The first phase the first phase of lightwave systems operated near 850 nm and used gaas semiconductor lasers with multimode fibres. The fundamental principle of sensor operation is associated. Pdf fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and. The sensing designs are not based on a single concept but on a variety of optical phenomena that can be used to measure a broad range of physical and chemical parameters. Temperature and pressure sensors volume 27 issue 5 k. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single word or pdf file to be used in the refereeing process. The historical beginnings of photosensitivity and fiber bragg grating fbg technology are recounted. Emphasizing the structure and optical characteristics of optical fiber sensors, it employs clear figures and fundamental formulas to explain their mechanisms. An optical fiber sensing system is basically composed of a light source, optical fiber. This book describes the latest development in optical fiber devices, and their applications to sensor technology.
Learn the fundamentals of fiber bragg grating fbg optical sensing technology through a stepbystep visual guide of how fbg optical sensors work. However, the implementation technologies can be radically different and the market characteristics contrast. Optical fiber sensor technology article pdf available in ieee transactions on microwave theory and techniques 304. Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors. Your paper your way we now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions.
Schematic of original apparatus used for recording bragg gratings in optical fibers. Guide for authors optical fiber technology issn 10685200. Today, some success has been found in the commercialization of optical fiber sensors. While many applications are for point sensors, the most rapid expansion has been for distributed fiber optic sensing systems, which will be the focus of the presentation. In this way, the subject continues to mature and reach into new areas of engineering. This book is a comprehensive contributed volume that aims to describe and explain the design, fabrication, operating characteristics, and specific applications of the most popular and useful types of specialty optical fibers. The basics of operating principle are discussed in. Fiber bragg grating technology fundamentals and overview. Fiber optic sensor technology is not new, but is continuing to evolve after over 60 years of development and commercialization. Thin strands of highly transparent glass or sometimes plastic that guide light. Introduction physical fundamentals of optical fiber transmission light is used in optoelectronics and optical fiber telecommunication for data transmission, in optical fiber interferometers, optical fiber lasers, sensors and optical fiber modulators. With continuous improvements, fiber optic sensor technology has begun to be used effectively by technology related with optical and fiber optic.
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